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Wednesday, May 4, 2016

Should asymptomatic bacteriuria be systematically treated in kidney transplant recipients? Results from a randomized controlled trial

AJT - Early Should asymptomatic bacteriuria be systematically treated in kidney transplant recipients? Results from a randomized controlled trial

Abstract

The indication of antimicrobial treatment for asymptomatic bacteriuria (AB) after kidney transplantation (KT) remains controversial. Between January 2011 and December 2013 112 KT recipients that developed ≥1 episode of AB beyond the second month post-transplantation were included in this open-label trial. Participants were randomized (1:1 ratio) to the treatment group (systematic antimicrobial therapy for all episodes of AB occurring up to 24 months post-transplantation [53 patients]) or control group (no antimicrobial therapy [59 patients]). Systematic screening for AB was similarly performed in both groups. The primary outcome was the occurrence of acute pyelonephritis at 24-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes included lower urinary tract infection, acute rejection, Clostridium difficile infection, colonization/infection by multidrug-resistant bacteria, graft function, and all-cause mortality. There were no differences in the primary outcome in the intention-to-treat (7.5% [4/53] in treatment group versus 8.4% [5/59] in control group; odds ratio [OR]: 0.88; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.22-3.47) or per-protocol populations (3.8% [1/26] in treatment group versus 8.0% [4/50] in control group; OR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.05-4.34). We found no differences in any of the secondary outcomes either. In conclusion, systematic screening and treatment of AB beyond the second month after transplantation provide no apparent benefit among KT recipients (NCT02373085).

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http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/resolve/doi?DOI=10.1111%2Fajt.13829

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Alberto Reino Buelvas

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