Associations Between EBV Serostatus and Organ Transplant Type in PTLD Risk: An Analysis of the SRTR National Registry Data in the United States

Associations Between EBV Serostatus and Organ Transplant Type in PTLD Risk: An Analysis of the SRTR National Registry Data in the United States:

In a prior multiorgan transplant database study, recipient Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) seronegativity was not associated with increased risk for posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) in liver transplants (LTX), at variance with prior single center reports and with data from kidney and heart transplants (KTX and HTX). The Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) in the United States is the only other registry with data on the required variables for comparison.Our study set comprised 112 756 KTX (580 PTLDs; 0.51%), 13 937 HTX (140 PTLDs; 1.0%) and 40 437 LTX (383 PTLDs; 0.95%) performed January 2003 onward.

Epidemiology of Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders in Adult Kidney and Kidney Pancreas Recipients: Report of the French Registry and Analysis of Subgroups of Lymphomas

Epidemiology of Posttransplant Lymphoproliferative Disorders in Adult Kidney and Kidney Pancreas Recipients: Report of the French Registry and Analysis of Subgroups of Lymphomas:

A registry of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) was set up for the entire population of adult kidney transplant recipients in France. Cases of PTLD were prospectively enrolled between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2007. Ten-year cumulative incidence was analyzed in patients transplanted after January 1, 1989. PTLD risk factors were analyzed in patients transplanted after January 1, 1998 by Cox analysis. Cumulative incidence was 1% after 5 years, 2.1% after 10 years. Multivariate analysis showed that PTLD was significantly associated with: older age of the recipient 47–60 years and >60 years (vs. 33–46 years, adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.87, CI = 1.22–2.86 and AHR = 2.80, CI = 1.73–4.55, respectively, p < 0.0001),

The Pathology and Clinical Features of Early Recurrent Membranous Glomerulonephritis

The Pathology and Clinical Features of Early Recurrent Membranous Glomerulonephritis:

We assessed the earliest manifestations of recurrent membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN) in renal allografts. Clinical, laboratory and pathologic data were reviewed in 21 patients at the initial biopsy within 4 months post-transplant with evidence of MGN and on follow-up biopsies, compared to a biopsy control group of eight transplants without recurrent MGN. The mean time of first biopsy with pathologic changes was 2.7 months. In each earliest biopsy, immunofluorescence (IF) showed granular glomerular basement membrane (GBM) staining for C4d, IgG, kappa and lambda. IF for C3 was negative or showed trace staining in 16/21. On each MGN biopsy positive by IF, 14/19 showed absence of deposits or rare tiny subepithelial deposits by electron microscopy (EM). At the earliest biopsy, the mean proteinuria was 1.1 g/day; 16 patients had <1 g/day proteinuria. Follow-up was available in all patients (mean 35 months posttransplant).

Recurrent Dense Deposit Disease After Renal Transplantation: An Emerging Role for Complementary Therapies

Recurrent Dense Deposit Disease After Renal Transplantation: An Emerging Role for Complementary Therapies:

Dense deposit disease is a rare glomerulonephritis caused by uncontrolled stimulation of the alternative complement pathway. Allograft survival after kidney transplantation is significantly reduced by the high rate of disease recurrence. No therapeutic interventions have consistently improved outcomes for patients with primary or recurrent disease. This is the first reported case of recurrent dense deposit disease being managed with eculizumab. Within 4 weeks of renal transplantation, deteriorating graft function and increasing proteinuria were evident. A transplant biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of recurrent dense deposit disease.

Ureteral Stents Are Associated With Reduced Risk of UreteralComplications After Kidney Transplantation: A Large Single CenterExperience

Ureteral Stents Are Associated With Reduced Risk of Ureteral Complications After Kidney Transplantation: A Large Single Center Experience: Background. Controversy exists regarding the benefit of ureteral stents in kidney transplantation. We aimed to examine the association of stents with risk of ureteral complications, particularly in relationship with donor type.
Methods. Kidney transplants from 2005 to 2009 were evaluated (n=1224). Patients with previous or simultaneous nonkidney transplants, death, or lost to follow-up within 90 days were excluded, unless already developed a ureteral complication. Only cases with a single extravesical ureteroneocystostomy were included. The cohort (n=961) was divided into stent (32.2%) and no-stent (67.7%) groups. Poisson regression was used to examine the association of stent with ureteral complications (leak or stricture) and urinary tract infections (UTI).

Results. Ureteral complication rate was 1.9% in stent versus 5.8% in no-stent group (P=0.007). UTI rate was 14.2% with stent versus 7.9% without stent (P=0.003). Stent use was independently associated with reduction in ureteral complications (incidence rate ratios [IRR], 0.40; P=0.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.17-0.96) and an increase in UTI risk (IRR, 1.79; P=0.006; 95% CI, 1.18-2.74). Stent protective effect was primarily related to reduction in stricture risk (IRR, 0.23; P<0.05; 95% CI, 0.05-0.99). Stents were associated with a decrease in ureteral complications in deceased donor recipients (IRR, 0.34; P=0.03; 95% CI, 0.13-0.88), but not living donors (IRR, 1.24; P=0.84; 95% CI, 0.15-10.2).
Conclusions. Ureteral stents are associated with a significant reduction in ureteral complications but increases UTI risk. Routine stenting in deceased donor transplants is recommended as its protective effect was observed in this group. The value of stents in living donor transplants warrants further investigation.
(C) 2012 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.

A Simplified Donor Risk Index for Predicting Outcome After Deceased Donor Kidney Transplantation

A Simplified Donor Risk Index for Predicting Outcome After Deceased Donor Kidney Transplantation: Background. We sought to determine the deceased donor factors associated with outcome after kidney transplantation and to develop a clinically applicable Kidney Donor Risk Index.
Methods. Data from the UK Transplant Registry on 7620 adult recipients of adult deceased donor kidney transplants between 2000 and 2007 inclusive were analyzed. Donor factors potentially influencing transplant outcome were investigated using Cox regression, adjusting for significant recipient and transplant factors. A United Kingdom Kidney Donor Risk Index was derived from the model and validated.

Invasive Fungal Infections after Renal Transplantation

Invasive Fungal Infections after Renal Transplantation:
Background: Invasive fungal infection (IFI) is a leading cause of infection-related mortality among kidney allograft recipients.
Objective: To estimate the incidence and etiology of systemic fungal infection in renal allograft recipients in Sydney transplant facility.
Methods: 471 kidney recipients, transplanted between 2000 and 2010 at the Westmead Hospital renal transplantation center, Sydney, Australia, were retrospectively surveyed.

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prophylactic versus Pre-emptive Strategies for Preventing Cytomegalovirus Infection in Renal Transplant Recipients

A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prophylactic versus Pre-emptive Strategies for Preventing Cytomegalovirus Infection in Renal Transplant Recipients:
Background: In kidney transplant (KT) recipients, CMV infection poses significant morbidity and mortality. Both prophylactic and pre-emptive approaches for preventing CMV infection have been utilized.
Objective: To compare the effectiveness of routine prophylaxis vs. pre-emptive treatment for preventing CMV disease after KT.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of routine prophylaxis vs. pre-emptive treatment for preventing CMV disease after KT. Combining 4 comprehensive search terms (CMV, renal transplant, prophylaxis, pre-emptive); we searched PubMed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register from inception through January 2011. We also evaluated studies referenced in review articles and abstracts from meetings of major nephrology and transplant societies (2009–2011). Two authors independently extracted data and assessed methodological criteria. The primary outcome was the pooled estimate of the odds ratio (OR) of developing CMV infection. Secondary outcomes included OR of acute rejection, OR of graft loss and OR of death within first year of KT. Comprehensive Meta-analysis V2 software was used for data analysis.